Slide Preparation Method to Preserve Three-dimensional Chromatin Architecture of Testicular Germ Cells

role of somatic testicular cells during mouse spermatogenesis in three-dimensional collagen gel culture system

objective: spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) are the only cell type that can restore fertility to an infertile recipient following transplantation. much effort has been made to develop a protocol for differentiating isolated sscs in vitro. recently, three-dimensional (3d) culture system has been introduced as an appropriate microenvironment for clonal expansion and differentiation of sscs. this ...

A Review on Application of Three Dimensional Culture and Testicular Scaffolds to Induction of in-Vitro Spermatogenesis

Introduction: Induction of in vitro spermatogenesis can be useful for infertility treatment in azoospermic patients and those undergoing chemotherapy. Different culture systems have been used to achieve this goal. This review study was performed with the aim to evaluate the application of 3D culture and testicular scaffolds in the establishment of in vitro spermatogenesis. In this review study...

from stem cells to germ cells and from germ cells to stem cells

germline and somatic stem cells are distinct types of stem cells that are dedicated to reproduction and somatic tissue regeneration, respectively. germline stem cells (gscs), which can self-renew and generate gametes, are unique stem cells in that they are solely dedicated to transmit genetic information from generation to generation. we developed a strategy for the establishment of germline st...

Functional Concentrations of BMP4 on Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Primordial Germ Cells

Co-regulation of paralog genes in the three-dimensional chromatin architecture

Paralog genes arise from gene duplication events during evolution, which often lead to similar proteins that cooperate in common pathways and in protein complexes. Consequently, paralogs show correlation in gene expression whereby the mechanisms of co-regulation remain unclear. In eukaryotes, genes are regulated in part by distal enhancer elements through looping interactions with gene promoter...